gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.LLC	Dot Registry LLC	hotmail.com	View

DOT Registry plans to serve the Community of Registered Limited Liability Companies. Members of the community are defined as businesses registered as limited liability companies with the United States or its territories. Limited Liability Companies or (LLC’s) as they are commonly abbreviated, represent one of the most popular business entity structures in the US. LLCʹs commonly participate in acts of commerce, public services, and product creation.

Limited Liability Companies (LLC) are a relatively new business structure for the United States, the first LLC was validated in the state of Wyoming in 1977 and in 1996 the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws adopted the Uniform Limited Liability Company Act; providing for both the definition of an LLC and the governmental standards under which an LLC may be formed. It was through the Uniform Limited Liability Company Act that a standard set of policies were created to define, validate, and monitor the operations of LLC’s, thus creating a unique and accountable business community in the United States.

An LLC is defined as a flexible form of enterprise that blends elements of partnership and corporate structures. It is a legal form of company that provides limited liability to its owners in the vast majority of United States jurisdictions. LLC’s are a unique entity type because they are considered a hybrid, having certain characteristics of both a corporation and a partnership or sole proprietorship. LLC’s are closely related to corporations in the sense that they participate in similar activities and provide limited liability to their partners. Additionally, LLC’s share a key characteristic with partnerships through the availability of pass-through income taxation. LLC’s are a more flexibile entity type than a corporation and are often well suited for businesses owned by a single owner.

Common advantages to forming an LLC include:

1) Flexibility in tax reporting, LLC’s may choose if they would like to be taxed as a sole proprietorship, partnership, S Corporation, or C Corporation. This is the only business entity form in the United States that allows for taxation flexibility.
2) LLC’s have much less administrative paperwork and reporting requirements then corporations.
3) Unless the LLC elects to be taxed as a C Corp, LLC’s enjoy pass through taxation.
4) Limited liability, meaning that owners of an LLC, called “members” are protected from some or all liability acts and debts of the LLC.

LLC’s have become increasingly popular in the United States because their formation provides owners with the protection of a corporation and the flexibility of a partnership.

With the number of registered LLC’s in the United States totaling over five million in 2010 (as reported by the International Association of Commercial Administrators) it is hard for the average consumer to not conduct business with an LLC (popular LLC’s in the United States include: AOL and BMW). Through the creation of DOT Registry’s .LLC string, consumers can quickly validate that they are working with a member of the Community of Registered Limited Liability Companies, providing consumers with brand reassurance and peace of mind. DOT Registry believes that it is essential to identify limited liability companies online in order to expand on their creditability and further highlight their privilege to conduct business in the US. Proper representation of this community would allow consumers to make educated choices in choosing businesses to patronize and support.
LLCʹs can be formed through any jurisdiction of the United States. Therefore members of this community exist in all 50 US states and its territories. LLC formation guidelines are dictated by state law and can vary based on each state’s regulations. Persons form an LLC by filing required documents with the appropriate state authority, usually the Secretary of State. Most states require the filing of Articles of Organization. These are considered public documents and are similar to articles of incorporation, which establish a corporation as a legal entity. At minimum, the articles of organization give a brief description of the intended business purposes, the registered agent, and registered business address.
LLC’s are expected to conduct business in conjunction with the policies of the state in which they are formed, and the Secretary of State periodically evaluates a LLC’s level of good standing based on their commercial interactions with both the state and consumers. DOT Registry or its designated agents would verify membership to the Community of Registered Limited Liability Companies by collecting data on each Registrant and cross-referencing the information with their applicable registration state. In order to maintain the reputation of the “.LLC” string and accurately delineate the member to consumers, Registrants would only be awarded a domain that accurately represents their registered legal business name. Additionally, DOT Registry will not allow blind registrations or registration by proxy, therefore DOT Registry’s WHOIS service will tie directly back to each member’s state registration information and will be publicly available in order to provide complete transparency for consumers.
Entities are required to comply with formation practices in order to receive the right to conduct business in the US. Once formed an LLC must be properly maintained. LLC’s are expected to comply with state regulations, submit annual filings, and pay specific taxes and fees. Should an LLC fail to comply with state statutes it could result in involuntary dissolution by the state in addition to imposed penalties, taxes and fees.
While state statutes vary, the majority of states have adopted the following guidelines in regards to the formation of LLC’s:

(1) The name of each limited liability company must contain the words ʺLimited Liability Companyʺ or the abbreviation ʺL.L.C.ʺ or the designation ʺLLCʺ.

(2) In order to form a limited liability company, one or more authorized persons must execute the Articles of Organization. Which shall contain: the name of the limited liability company; the address of the registered office and the name and address of the registered agent for service of process required to be maintained; and any other matters the members determine to include therein.
(3) A Limited Liability Company may be organized to conduct or promote any lawful business or purposes, except as may otherwise be provided by the Constitution or other law of this State.
All entities bearing the abbreviation LLC in their business name create the assumption that they have been awarded the privileges associated to that title such as: the ability to conduct commerce transactions within US borders or territories, the ability to market products, solicit consumers and provide reputable services in exchange for monetary values, and finally to provide jobs or employment incentives to other citizens.
Membership in the Community of Registered Limited Liability Companies is established through your business entity registration. In order to maintain your membership to this community you must remain an “Active” member of the community. Active” in this context can be defined as any LLC registered with a Secretary of State in the United States and its territories, that is determined to be authorized to conduct business within that State at the time of their registration. Registrant’s “Active” status will be verified on an annual basis as described above in question 18 in order to ensure the reputation and validity of the “.LLC” gTLD.
Since LLC’s are not currently delineated on the Internet, the creation of this string would mark a unique advancement in consumer security and confidence in the United States. Essentially, this will create the first ever, clear delineator for the Community of Registered Limited Liability Companies.

gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.كاثوليك	Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)	pccs.va	View

The .كاثوليك TLD belongs to the category of community-based Top-Level Domains. The applicant is the Pontifical Council for Social Communications, henceforth referred to as “PCCS” (in Latin, Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus). The PCCS is a Dicastery of the Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church.
The .كاثوليك TLD belongs to the category of community-based Top-Level Domains. The applicant is the Pontifical Council for Social Communications, henceforth referred to as “PCCS” (in Latin, Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus). The PCCS is a Dicastery of the Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church.
By applying for the .كاثوليك TLD, the PCCS is committed to carrying out its mission of serving the community of the Catholic Church, and in particular its member institutions, including Dioceses, Religious Orders, Institutes of Consecrated Life and organizations affiliated to the Catholic Church.
The “Holy See” is internationally acknowledged to be the highest juridical authority of the Catholic Church, being governed by the Pope, also referred to as “the Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Catholic Church”. For instance, the U.S. Department of State states that “the “Holy See” is the universal government of the Catholic Church and operates from Vatican City State, a sovereign, independent territory […]. The Pope is the ruler of both Vatican City State and the Holy See. The Holy See, as the supreme body of government of the Catholic Church, is a sovereign juridical entity under international law.” (ref. http:⁄⁄www.state.gov⁄r⁄pa⁄ei⁄bgn⁄3819.htm).
As far as the Catholic Church is concerned, it has a long history and traces its origins to the teachings of Jesus Christ (c.33 A.D.).
The Catholic Church has a highly elaborated understanding of its own nature. This understanding is informed primarily by its theological conviction that the Church is both a visible and a spiritual reality. For the purpose of clearly defining the community for whose benefit the .كاثوليك TLD will be operated, the PCCS understands that it must focus on the institutional and visible dimensions of the Church.

From the beginning, the Catholic Church has availed of structures of communities in order to realize its mission and its identity. These communities include both the “territorial communities”, also called “particular Churches” (i.e. dioceses and other territorial equivalents, such as territorial prelatures, territorial abbacies, vicariates apostolic, prefectures apostolic and permanently established apostolic administrations, etc.), the “membership-based communities” (i.e. Religious Orders and Institutes of Consecrated Life) and “institutionalized activities” of the Catholic Church (including institutions affiliated to the Catholic Church which provide educational, healthcare, communications and charitable services).
The above-mentioned structures are intended to be the beneficiaries of the subject TLD, namely the targets of the second level domains. For the purpose of this application, said territorial communities (e.g. New York, Westminster, Manila), membership-based communities (e.g. Jesuits, Franciscans, Mercy Sisters) and institutionalized activities (e.g. Catholic Universities and Hospitals) will be henceforth referred to as the “TLD Catholic Community”.

HOW THE COMMUNITY IS DELINEATED FROM INTERNET USERS GENERALLY:

The TLD Catholic Community is delineated from the broader Catholic Church and Internet users generally by its direct connection to the Holy See. The .كاثوليك TLD thus serves to represent the community of Catholic institutions that acknowledge the authority of the Holy See.
The majority of the members of the TLD Catholic Community are identified in the Annuario Pontificio (most updated version as of year 2012), which is the annual directory of institutions related to the Holy See. It lists in a comprehensive and authoritative manner all the governmental offices of the Holy See, as well as the territorial and membership-based communities that are related to the Catholic Church. The remaining members of the TLD Catholic Community, the Catholic institutionalized activities, although not named in the Annuario Pontificio, are nevertheless affiliated to the Holy See. Such a delineation of the TLD Catholic Community is based on the understanding that its members serve the many believers, adherents, parishes, schools, hospitals and charitable activities that fall within the Church’s own broader view of the Catholic community.

STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION OF THE COMMUNITY:

As specified in Articles 368 and 573 of the Code of Canon Law, the Catholic Community is basically structured into “territorial” and “membership-based” communities as well as institutionalized activities.
“Territorial communities”, which are represented by dioceses and other territorial equivalents, are overseen by a Bishop or equivalent who is responsible for the ordinary governance of that unit. At the same time, each diocese includes different parishes overseen by the Bishop himself. If a diocese is composed of a notable number of parishes, or if it has acquired particular historical relevance, it is called “archdiocese”, and its Bishop is called “Archbishop”.
National Bishops’ Conferences support the work of diocesan Bishops by co-coordinating certain activities and by providing shared services and logistical assistance as is deemed appropriate. There exist also Regional and Continental Conferences involving representatives of the National Conferences. Again, the purpose of these structures is to co-ordinate at the regional and continental level common activities of Bishops. These Conferences assist the individual Bishops but ultimately each Bishop remains personally responsible for the management of his diocese.
Membership-based communities are constituted by established “religious communities” whose members have committed themselves to live a more radical form of service in accordance with the traditions of the communities. These communities have emerged from groups who have dedicated themselves to particular forms of service within the broader Catholic community. These particular communities have their own governance structure and their own specific responsibilities within the life of the Church. The principal global institutes are guided in their activities and internal structures by the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life (Arts. 105-111 of the Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus). The Congregation maintains an official listing of such Institutes, which is published in the Annuario Pontificio.
The community is also constituted by institutions which are responsible for the provision of specific services to the broader Church community, both at the global and local levels. These institutions have their own autonomy insofar as their existence is provided for by their establishment as public juridical bodies (the equivalent within Canon Law to corporations). These institutions include the departments of the Holy See, healthcare, educational, charitable services and communications providers.

ESTABLISHMENT:

In a broad sense, it is possible to say that the Catholic community roots originate in the times of Jesus Christ. However, from an historical point of view, the establishment of the Catholic Church can be traced back to its social affirmation in the Roman Empire. Sporadic and then systematic persecutions of the Christian communities within the I-III Century A.D. in the Roman Empire provide ample evidence of the presence and structure of the Christian communities which gained their official and political recognition as an institution through the Edict of Milan in 313 A.D., by the Roman Emperor Constantine I. With the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the Christian community rapidly gained political recognition as established by the political treaties si