gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.madrid	Comunidad de Madrid	madrid.org	View

The .MADRID TLD application is submitted by the Region of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid), which is the Government of the region of Madrid region; analogous to the States in the Federal States of the USA) on behalf of, and for the Madrid community.

The following clauses (A), (B) and (C) describe the delineation of the Madrid community and corresponding policy principles of the .MADRID TLD.

(A) The Madrid community comprises individuals as citizens and legal entities with presence in the Region of Madrid. This territory comprises the 179 Municipalities, including the city of Madrid and its metropolitan area Madrid is the capital of Spain as established by art. 5 of the Spanish Constitution. A bona fide presence in the Madrid area may be determined by the following:

- residence in the Madrid area, or

- the pursuit of lawful business activities in the Madrid area, or

- the pursuit of cultural leisure, and sport activities in the Madrid area, or

- any other kind of direct or indirect presence that is generally accepted as legitimate for, and conducive to the welfare of, the Madrid area.

(B) Registration of domain names under the .MADRID TLD is restricted to members of the Madrid community and subject to the further requirement that the domain name registrant’s direct or indirect presence in the Madrid area and the registrant’s use of the domain name must be:

(1) of a kind that is generally accepted as legitimate and
(2) conducive to the welfare of the Madrid area and
(3) of commensurate quality to the role and importance of the respective domain name and
(4) based on good faith at the time of registration and thereafter.

(C) The government of the Region of Madrid, in relation to the requested .MADRID TLD, acts as the highest representative body for the Region of Madrid, as well as the representative of this community in dealings with other institutions of the Spanish state and its different administrative bodies, including the city of Madrid as state capital. In light of this, the full support of the Spanish Government has been obtained through the Secretary of State for Telecommunications, as well as for the Information Society and that of the city of Madrid, via its activities in the area of Economic Governance, Employment and Citizen Participation, with the common objective of establishing new channels for relationships based on good faith.



Answers to enumerated question points:

How the community is delineated from Internet users generally. Such descriptions may include, but are not limited to, the following: membership, registration, or licensing processes, operation in a particular industry, use of a language.

The Madrid community relates to the geographic area of the Region (Comunidad) of Madrid or the Madrid area, a described above. The Madrid area comprises the geographic urban areas of the city of Madrid. It is clearly recognizable by urban infrastructure, such as the local transport network in and around the City of Madrid. It also comprises 180 other municipalities of diverse size and character.

The delineation described under (A) above matches the reality of the Madrid community as it has existed since the advent of Madrid as a modern metropolis.

A Madrid community has existed for a long time. For as long as it has existed, those who belonged to it were those who had a bona fide presence in the urban area and its surroundings. With the advancement of civilization, new forms of presence (such as business or culture) have become generally accepted. A bona fide presence in the Madrid area may be direct or indirect, on the basis of domicile, activity, cultural links or any other constructive commitment to the Madrid area. It may be emanating from the area or be directed to the area.

Given the vast scope of a modern metropolitan community, and its surroundings, community membership always depends on context. This is why, for the purpose of domain registrations, the strength and quality of the registrant’s nexus must be commensurate to the role and importance of the domain name to the community.

In other words, a bona fide presence in the Madrid area (and thus community membership) is a necessary condition, NOT in itself a sufficient condition for the right to hold any imaginable .MADRID domain name. As the policy principles under (B) above description show, there are additional requirements specific to the intrinsic role and importance of the domain name in question. They concern in particular the nature of the registrant’s presence in the Madrid area and the registrant’s use of the domain name.

The wish to hold a .MADRID domain name is not in itself a sufficient indication of a bona fide presence in the Madrid area. Furthermore, if a person has been able to register a domain name in .MADRID, this does not in itself entitle that person to register any imaginable other .MADRID domain name.


How the community is structured and organized. For a community consisting of an alliance of groups, details about the constituent parts are required.

As any other modern metropolitan area, the Madrid community is organized to the highest degree. The Madrid area belongs to one single, highly integrated community. Because of if its importance and size, the community’s organization involves a number of public bodies and authorities on several levels (such as the Region, the Municipalities, and for the biggest among them, the Districts), treaties between public bodies, joint investments in public infrastructure companies, public-private partnerships, coordinated policies and legal frameworks that define the duties and prerogatives of each body. The public bodies are established by law and their representatives are democratically elected by universal suffrage. It goes without saying that private companies and cultural or welfare organizations also belong to the organization of the community.


When the community was established, including the date(s) of formal organization, if any, as well as a description of community activities to date.

The City of Madrid (and therefore the Greater Madrid Area) has existed as an organized community since Middle Age, having grown naturally over time. It has been the Court and then Capital of Spain since 1561.

The activities of the Madrid community are:
- the shared concerns and pursuits of the residents and stakeholders of the Madrid area (along with their organizations or public bodies)
- the shared use of the infrastructure and services of the Madrid area, such as transport, telecommunications, as well as culture, education, welfare and leisure,
- a strong focus for tourism, including leading role in cultural tourism (Madrid is the seat, for instance, of the World Tourism Organization).
- the role of the City of Madrid as capital of Spain.

The Madrid community includes extensive activities in the digital world specific to the Greater Madrid Community, both in the form of e-government services and public authorities’ contributions to the development of information society. The .MADRID TLD is designed to be directly related to the activities of the Madrid community, including fostering the use of electronic administration and promoting political and social participation.


The current estimated size of the community, both as to membership and geographic extent.

The population of the Madrid area is in the order of 7 million inhabitants. The geographic extension of the Madrid Region is at 8.021 square kilometers.

The Madrid Region comprises, beyond the City of Madrid, 179 Municipalities that can be found on www.madrid.org

gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.radio	European Broadcasting Union (EBU)	ebu.ch	View

A. Definition of .radio

The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) is applying for the .radio TLD on behalf of the Radio 85 years old community, to which it belongs. The Radio community is defined as all entities and individuals related to audio content distributed mainly by broadcasting to wide communities of listeners throughout the world.

Registrations under .radio are restricted to bona fide members of the Radio community and subject to the further requirement that the registrant’s actions in the Radio community, as well as the registrant’s use of the registered domain name, must be:

(i) generally accepted as legitimate; and
(ii) beneficial to the cause and the values of the radio industry; and
(iii) commensurate with the role and importance of the registered domain name; and
(iv) in good faith at the time of registration and thereafter.

B. Composition of the community

The Radio industry is composed of a huge number of very diverse radio broadcasters: public and private; international and local; commercial or community-oriented; general purpose, or sector-specific; talk or music; big and small. All licensed radio broadcasters are part of the .radio community, and so are the associations, federations and unions they have created (such as the EBU, applicant for the .radio TLD with the support of its sister Unions; see below for more details on Radio industry representativeness). Also included are the radio professionals, those making radio the fundamental communications tool that it is.

However, the Radio industry keeps evolving and today, many stations are not only broadcasting in the traditional sense, but also webcasting and streaming their audio content via the Internet. Some are not broadcasters in the traditional sense: Internet radios are also part of the Radio community, and as such will be acknowledged by .radio TLD, as will podcasters. In all cases certain minimum standards on streaming or updating schedules will apply.

The .radio community also comprises the often overlooked amateur radio, which uses radio frequencies for communications to small circles of the public. Licensed radio amateurs and their clubs will also be part of the .radio community.
Finally, the community includes a variety of companies providing specific services or products to the Radio industry.

C. Applicant and Governance

The EBU wishes to establish this TLD as a trusted and high-quality namespace helping industry actors, radio listeners and Internet users in general to improve the quality, security, accessibility and predictability of radio services online, in the public interest.

The .radio TLD is submitted by the EBU, mandated by its Members as well as the global community of Radio Broadcaster: the World Broadcasting Unions (WBU), the Association Mondiale des Radiodiffuseurs Communautaires (AMARC) and other relevant regional radio associations. EBU is one of the largest associations of national broadcasters in the world. It contributes to fostering the core values of broadcasting; its mission and mandate, grounded in technical, economic and cultural values, is to serve its members equally on behalf of public interest.

The policy development process will be carried out in consultation with the World Radio Advisory Board, the .radio community policy advisory body that will include representatives from the WBU and other radio associations and organisations worldwide.

Answers to enumerated questions:

((How the community is delineated from Internet users generally))

The radio industry is a long-standing, well-defined industry sector. Since radio is everywhere, and most homes have a radio receiver, most people are radio listeners, and the Radio community uses a concrete and precise set of definitions and categories to make the community delineation operative for registration purposes:

1 Broadcasters’ Unions
2 Licensed Radio Broadcasters
2.1 International Broadcasters
2.2 National Broadcasters
2.3 Regional Broadcasters
2.4 Local Broadcasters
2.5 Community Broadcasters
3 Trademarks
3.1 Trademarks used for radio related activities for example companies providing specific services, equipment, radio programmes, etc.
3.2 Defensive registrations by non-eligible applicants
4. Internet radio stations
5 Licensed amateur radios and clubs
6 Radio professionals

1. Broadcasters’ Unions

The EBU is a member of the WBU, the platform that gathers 8 regional Broadcasting Unions of the World. For WBU membership and further information see Q11H and Q20B below. Beyond this regional Unions, other international and national broadcasting associations are also part of this category, such as AMARC (Association Mondiale des Radiodiffuseurs Communautaires), AER (Association of European Radios), and many others.

2. Licensed Radio Broadcasters

To use the radio spectrum, Radio broadcasters obtain licenses from the relevant authorities, which might classify them into the above sub-categories. This makes membership, and hence eligibility in .radio TLD terms, a relatively straightforward issue.

3. Trademarks

For trademarks used for companies providing .radio related services, equipment and audio content and defensive registrations by non-eligible applicants.

4. Internet radio

This category is much more fluid and less organized than the two previous ones. No licensing system; no organized registration. The .radio Registry, with the help of the World Radio Advisory Board and in consultation with the sector, will set objective eligibility requirements (streaming, content production) for .radio.

5. Licensed amateur radios and clubs

Amateur radio is also organized through a strict and global licensing system where every license code is unique, often via clubs or other entities.

6. Radio industry providers and partners.

Radio professionals and those companies able to demonstrate specific products, such as radio equipment manufacturers (often specified for the purpose), advertising companies, audio content and service providers will also be accepted as part of the community.

Please note that these categories may be reorganized into different groups or hierarchies for specific purposes, such as:

- Frequent Names Global Contention Resolution and Sunrise priority, as explained under Q18 above, in order to minimize conflicts and opportunistic risks.
- Pricing, as some participants in the same category may enjoy different pricing levels during the Launch phase or benefit from Promotional Pricing afterwards, as in the case of broadcasters, internet radios and amateur radios located and operating from Less Developed Countries.

((How the community is structured and organized))

The Radio community is structured mainly under 8 world broadcasting Unions which represent radio broadcasting interests at the World Radio Frequencies Conferences and coordinate their work through the WBU, as described in response to Question 11H.

The WBU works through a number of permanent working commissions, such as the Technical Committee, which deals with technical standardization; the Sports Committee, dealing with the coverage of world sports events (such as Olympic Games and football world championships); ISOG (International Satellite Operations Group), dealing with satellite contribution circuit issues. Besides the WBU, other specialized broadcasting associations represent specific radio interests, such as the already mentioned AMARC and AER.

((The current estimated size of the community))

Radio is everywhere, both in the sense of radio services and radio listeners. According to UNESCO, radio can be found in the homes of 75 per cent of the world population, which means that 5.1 billion people have access to radio stations. Currently, there are about 50,000 radio stations worldwide according to the figure published by CIA World Facts on their website. In addition, there are at least another 50,000 web radios.