gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.madrid	Comunidad de Madrid	madrid.org	View

The .MADRID TLD application is submitted by the Region of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid), which is the Government of the region of Madrid region; analogous to the States in the Federal States of the USA) on behalf of, and for the Madrid community.

The following clauses (A), (B) and (C) describe the delineation of the Madrid community and corresponding policy principles of the .MADRID TLD.

(A) The Madrid community comprises individuals as citizens and legal entities with presence in the Region of Madrid. This territory comprises the 179 Municipalities, including the city of Madrid and its metropolitan area Madrid is the capital of Spain as established by art. 5 of the Spanish Constitution. A bona fide presence in the Madrid area may be determined by the following:

- residence in the Madrid area, or

- the pursuit of lawful business activities in the Madrid area, or

- the pursuit of cultural leisure, and sport activities in the Madrid area, or

- any other kind of direct or indirect presence that is generally accepted as legitimate for, and conducive to the welfare of, the Madrid area.

(B) Registration of domain names under the .MADRID TLD is restricted to members of the Madrid community and subject to the further requirement that the domain name registrant’s direct or indirect presence in the Madrid area and the registrant’s use of the domain name must be:

(1) of a kind that is generally accepted as legitimate and
(2) conducive to the welfare of the Madrid area and
(3) of commensurate quality to the role and importance of the respective domain name and
(4) based on good faith at the time of registration and thereafter.

(C) The government of the Region of Madrid, in relation to the requested .MADRID TLD, acts as the highest representative body for the Region of Madrid, as well as the representative of this community in dealings with other institutions of the Spanish state and its different administrative bodies, including the city of Madrid as state capital. In light of this, the full support of the Spanish Government has been obtained through the Secretary of State for Telecommunications, as well as for the Information Society and that of the city of Madrid, via its activities in the area of Economic Governance, Employment and Citizen Participation, with the common objective of establishing new channels for relationships based on good faith.



Answers to enumerated question points:

How the community is delineated from Internet users generally. Such descriptions may include, but are not limited to, the following: membership, registration, or licensing processes, operation in a particular industry, use of a language.

The Madrid community relates to the geographic area of the Region (Comunidad) of Madrid or the Madrid area, a described above. The Madrid area comprises the geographic urban areas of the city of Madrid. It is clearly recognizable by urban infrastructure, such as the local transport network in and around the City of Madrid. It also comprises 180 other municipalities of diverse size and character.

The delineation described under (A) above matches the reality of the Madrid community as it has existed since the advent of Madrid as a modern metropolis.

A Madrid community has existed for a long time. For as long as it has existed, those who belonged to it were those who had a bona fide presence in the urban area and its surroundings. With the advancement of civilization, new forms of presence (such as business or culture) have become generally accepted. A bona fide presence in the Madrid area may be direct or indirect, on the basis of domicile, activity, cultural links or any other constructive commitment to the Madrid area. It may be emanating from the area or be directed to the area.

Given the vast scope of a modern metropolitan community, and its surroundings, community membership always depends on context. This is why, for the purpose of domain registrations, the strength and quality of the registrant’s nexus must be commensurate to the role and importance of the domain name to the community.

In other words, a bona fide presence in the Madrid area (and thus community membership) is a necessary condition, NOT in itself a sufficient condition for the right to hold any imaginable .MADRID domain name. As the policy principles under (B) above description show, there are additional requirements specific to the intrinsic role and importance of the domain name in question. They concern in particular the nature of the registrant’s presence in the Madrid area and the registrant’s use of the domain name.

The wish to hold a .MADRID domain name is not in itself a sufficient indication of a bona fide presence in the Madrid area. Furthermore, if a person has been able to register a domain name in .MADRID, this does not in itself entitle that person to register any imaginable other .MADRID domain name.


How the community is structured and organized. For a community consisting of an alliance of groups, details about the constituent parts are required.

As any other modern metropolitan area, the Madrid community is organized to the highest degree. The Madrid area belongs to one single, highly integrated community. Because of if its importance and size, the community’s organization involves a number of public bodies and authorities on several levels (such as the Region, the Municipalities, and for the biggest among them, the Districts), treaties between public bodies, joint investments in public infrastructure companies, public-private partnerships, coordinated policies and legal frameworks that define the duties and prerogatives of each body. The public bodies are established by law and their representatives are democratically elected by universal suffrage. It goes without saying that private companies and cultural or welfare organizations also belong to the organization of the community.


When the community was established, including the date(s) of formal organization, if any, as well as a description of community activities to date.

The City of Madrid (and therefore the Greater Madrid Area) has existed as an organized community since Middle Age, having grown naturally over time. It has been the Court and then Capital of Spain since 1561.

The activities of the Madrid community are:
- the shared concerns and pursuits of the residents and stakeholders of the Madrid area (along with their organizations or public bodies)
- the shared use of the infrastructure and services of the Madrid area, such as transport, telecommunications, as well as culture, education, welfare and leisure,
- a strong focus for tourism, including leading role in cultural tourism (Madrid is the seat, for instance, of the World Tourism Organization).
- the role of the City of Madrid as capital of Spain.

The Madrid community includes extensive activities in the digital world specific to the Greater Madrid Community, both in the form of e-government services and public authorities’ contributions to the development of information society. The .MADRID TLD is designed to be directly related to the activities of the Madrid community, including fostering the use of electronic administration and promoting political and social participation.


The current estimated size of the community, both as to membership and geographic extent.

The population of the Madrid area is in the order of 7 million inhabitants. The geographic extension of the Madrid Region is at 8.021 square kilometers.

The Madrid Region comprises, beyond the City of Madrid, 179 Municipalities that can be found on www.madrid.org

gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.versicherung	dotversicherung-registry GmbH	dotversicherung.de	View

*** Community Delineation ***
The string has been mentioned in the medieval times (14th century) according to the GRIMM dictionary: http:⁄⁄woerterbuchnetz.de⁄DWB⁄?lemma=Versicherung. The string “versicherung” has a clear meaning, relating to the service offering of community members, according to Wikipedia “Vereinbarung, bei der eine Partei meist gegen ein Entgelt der anderen bei Eintritt bestimmter schädigender Ereignisse einen Ausgleich des Schadens zusagt” (Agreement, where one party offers compensation for an harmful event which has been previously defined and contracted, to another party).
The insurance community in the German speaking countries Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein and Switzerland, which is the “Community” for our community-based application, exists for approximately 500 years. The setting of clearly defined community actors and members of the insurance community has not changed over that time and is expected not to change in the future.

The insurance community as defined above is regulated and clearly delineated, since the membership to the community is restricted by laws and oversight bodies under governmental influence or operation within the countries concerned. Members of the insurance community are registered by various measures, ranging from formal accreditation of insurance providers at a governmental agency, to registration of agents at an official public insurance agents register or a formal acknowledgement as registered entity in the interest of the insurance community.

The insurance community is well organized with all kinds of measures, associations and organizations a very large branch is usually making up. Governmental regulatory bodies themselves are completing the insurance community.

** Community Organization **
The insurance community consists of the German speaking countries Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein and Switzerland (the respective countries) which make up the community for the .VERSICHERUNG community TLD and are eligible to register .VERSICHERUNG domain names:

* 3 layers of insurance community *
First layer:
Governmental organizations in the countries regulating the insurance industry make up the first layer of the community. These organizations are
- FMA, Oesterreichische Finanzmarktaufsicht, Austria (www.fma.gv.at)
- BAFIN, Bundesamt fuer Finanzen, Germany (www.bafin.de)
- FMA-LI, Finanzmarktaufsicht Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein (www.fma-li.li)
- FINMA, Eidgenoessischen Finanzmarktaufsicht, Switzerland (www.finma.ch)
These organizations are members of the .VERSICHERUNG community and eligible to register .VERSICHERUNG domain names.

Second layer:
The following organizations (and sole proprietors) are recognized and officially registered members of the .VERSICHERUNG community:
- Insurance companies with an authorization within the legal framework for the insurance industry in the respective countries.
- Insurance agents and insurance intermediaries with an authorization within the legal framework for the insurance industry in the respective countries.

* Insurance companies *
An insurance company in Germany, Austria, Switzerland or Liechtenstein usually has to exist in the form of a company (insurance company) or a public institution. The central directive of federal law is the law on the supervision of Insurance companies (Insurance Supervision Act).
The Insurance Supervision Act governs, among other things approval, business, legal forms, and investment oversight.
In Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein there are about 800 licensed insurers.

* Insurance agents and salesmen *
The European Insurance Mediation Directive was published on 15 Jan. 2003 in the EU Official Journal (Directive 2002⁄92⁄EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 Dec. 2002 on insurance mediation).

Third layer:
Official public registers for insurance agents and salesmen and registered associations in the respective countries.

* Official public registers *
Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein have successfully implemented the Insurance Mediation Directive into their national law. Each of these countries manages its own official register of insurance intermediaries which are online accessible:
-Germany: http:⁄⁄www.vermittlerregister.org, http:⁄⁄www.vermittlerregister.info
-Austria: http:⁄⁄versicherungsvermittler.brz.gv.at
-Switzerland: http:⁄⁄register.vermittleraufsicht.ch
-Liechtenstein: http:⁄⁄register.fma-li.li

* Community associations *
The Germany-based insurance companies are organized in the German Insurance Association (GDV).The Swiss Insurance Association (SVV) represents the interests of insurance companies in Switzerland. The insurance companies in Austria are organized in the Austrian Insurance Association (VVÖ). The insurance companies in Liechtenstein are organized in the Liechtenstein Insurance Association (LVV). Intermediaries and Insurance agents are represented, among others, by the Germany-based association BVK (Bundesverband Deutscher Versicherungskaufleute). Further associations represent the community members.

** Establishment of Community **
The idea and practice of insurances goes back to the 2nd and 3rd millennia BC and was invented in Chinese and Babylonian merchants. The modern insurance industry and by this the insurance community as we know has evolved in Europe during the 14th century. Therefore there is no date of formal organization of the community itself. Insurance companies first emerged in the mid-17th century. These companies were mostly specialized in the fire and (sea) transport insurance. The first professional insurance companies were founded in Germany because of an initiative of the state: The Hamburg Fire Fund (1676) and the Berlin Fire Society (1718).
Today the insurance community is defined by a set of industry players (the community as defined before) and is essential for the effective operation of a modern economy, protecting people and companies against uncertainty associated with every day events. The community has more than 450.000 employees, and more than 450 million contracts only in Germany. It covers a wide range of business and consumer needs, from insuring a business or home, preparing for retirement, insuring major catastrophe risks such as earthquakes or managing flood risks as a result of climate change.

*Sales activities*
The direct sale of insurance products by the insurance companies itself adds up only to a small percentage of the whole market. The vast majority of insurance products are sold by insurance brokers and insurance agents.
These brokers and agents are divided into two groups of insurance intermediaries, the tied insurance intermediaries agents (representatives of a insurance company) and the Insurance Broker.
*Marketing activities*
The role of advertising, depending on the type of the insurance company, has a broad spectrum. Some large insurers using advertising mainly to increase awareness, brand value and company image. For insurance companies with direct contacts to customers, advertising is also often necessary to highlight specific product features, like cost-effective products and latest test results. But the greatest importance in the insurance industry is still the personal sales promotion.

*Activities of Associations*
The most important task of insurance associations in general is to represent the insurance companies, insurance agents and insurance intermediaries in relation to political and social institutions (Lobbying). They develop positions on political and social issues and represent the interests of their members. Since insurance associations have a high level of professional competence through their members, they advise stakeholders with regards to policies related to insurance topics (neo-corporatism).