gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.madrid	Comunidad de Madrid	madrid.org	View

The .MADRID TLD application is submitted by the Region of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid), which is the Government of the region of Madrid region; analogous to the States in the Federal States of the USA) on behalf of, and for the Madrid community.

The following clauses (A), (B) and (C) describe the delineation of the Madrid community and corresponding policy principles of the .MADRID TLD.

(A) The Madrid community comprises individuals as citizens and legal entities with presence in the Region of Madrid. This territory comprises the 179 Municipalities, including the city of Madrid and its metropolitan area Madrid is the capital of Spain as established by art. 5 of the Spanish Constitution. A bona fide presence in the Madrid area may be determined by the following:

- residence in the Madrid area, or

- the pursuit of lawful business activities in the Madrid area, or

- the pursuit of cultural leisure, and sport activities in the Madrid area, or

- any other kind of direct or indirect presence that is generally accepted as legitimate for, and conducive to the welfare of, the Madrid area.

(B) Registration of domain names under the .MADRID TLD is restricted to members of the Madrid community and subject to the further requirement that the domain name registrant’s direct or indirect presence in the Madrid area and the registrant’s use of the domain name must be:

(1) of a kind that is generally accepted as legitimate and
(2) conducive to the welfare of the Madrid area and
(3) of commensurate quality to the role and importance of the respective domain name and
(4) based on good faith at the time of registration and thereafter.

(C) The government of the Region of Madrid, in relation to the requested .MADRID TLD, acts as the highest representative body for the Region of Madrid, as well as the representative of this community in dealings with other institutions of the Spanish state and its different administrative bodies, including the city of Madrid as state capital. In light of this, the full support of the Spanish Government has been obtained through the Secretary of State for Telecommunications, as well as for the Information Society and that of the city of Madrid, via its activities in the area of Economic Governance, Employment and Citizen Participation, with the common objective of establishing new channels for relationships based on good faith.



Answers to enumerated question points:

How the community is delineated from Internet users generally. Such descriptions may include, but are not limited to, the following: membership, registration, or licensing processes, operation in a particular industry, use of a language.

The Madrid community relates to the geographic area of the Region (Comunidad) of Madrid or the Madrid area, a described above. The Madrid area comprises the geographic urban areas of the city of Madrid. It is clearly recognizable by urban infrastructure, such as the local transport network in and around the City of Madrid. It also comprises 180 other municipalities of diverse size and character.

The delineation described under (A) above matches the reality of the Madrid community as it has existed since the advent of Madrid as a modern metropolis.

A Madrid community has existed for a long time. For as long as it has existed, those who belonged to it were those who had a bona fide presence in the urban area and its surroundings. With the advancement of civilization, new forms of presence (such as business or culture) have become generally accepted. A bona fide presence in the Madrid area may be direct or indirect, on the basis of domicile, activity, cultural links or any other constructive commitment to the Madrid area. It may be emanating from the area or be directed to the area.

Given the vast scope of a modern metropolitan community, and its surroundings, community membership always depends on context. This is why, for the purpose of domain registrations, the strength and quality of the registrant’s nexus must be commensurate to the role and importance of the domain name to the community.

In other words, a bona fide presence in the Madrid area (and thus community membership) is a necessary condition, NOT in itself a sufficient condition for the right to hold any imaginable .MADRID domain name. As the policy principles under (B) above description show, there are additional requirements specific to the intrinsic role and importance of the domain name in question. They concern in particular the nature of the registrant’s presence in the Madrid area and the registrant’s use of the domain name.

The wish to hold a .MADRID domain name is not in itself a sufficient indication of a bona fide presence in the Madrid area. Furthermore, if a person has been able to register a domain name in .MADRID, this does not in itself entitle that person to register any imaginable other .MADRID domain name.


How the community is structured and organized. For a community consisting of an alliance of groups, details about the constituent parts are required.

As any other modern metropolitan area, the Madrid community is organized to the highest degree. The Madrid area belongs to one single, highly integrated community. Because of if its importance and size, the community’s organization involves a number of public bodies and authorities on several levels (such as the Region, the Municipalities, and for the biggest among them, the Districts), treaties between public bodies, joint investments in public infrastructure companies, public-private partnerships, coordinated policies and legal frameworks that define the duties and prerogatives of each body. The public bodies are established by law and their representatives are democratically elected by universal suffrage. It goes without saying that private companies and cultural or welfare organizations also belong to the organization of the community.


When the community was established, including the date(s) of formal organization, if any, as well as a description of community activities to date.

The City of Madrid (and therefore the Greater Madrid Area) has existed as an organized community since Middle Age, having grown naturally over time. It has been the Court and then Capital of Spain since 1561.

The activities of the Madrid community are:
- the shared concerns and pursuits of the residents and stakeholders of the Madrid area (along with their organizations or public bodies)
- the shared use of the infrastructure and services of the Madrid area, such as transport, telecommunications, as well as culture, education, welfare and leisure,
- a strong focus for tourism, including leading role in cultural tourism (Madrid is the seat, for instance, of the World Tourism Organization).
- the role of the City of Madrid as capital of Spain.

The Madrid community includes extensive activities in the digital world specific to the Greater Madrid Community, both in the form of e-government services and public authorities’ contributions to the development of information society. The .MADRID TLD is designed to be directly related to the activities of the Madrid community, including fostering the use of electronic administration and promoting political and social participation.


The current estimated size of the community, both as to membership and geographic extent.

The population of the Madrid area is in the order of 7 million inhabitants. The geographic extension of the Madrid Region is at 8.021 square kilometers.

The Madrid Region comprises, beyond the City of Madrid, 179 Municipalities that can be found on www.madrid.org

gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.med	DocCheck AG	doccheck.com	View

a-classification
With this application, DocCheck AG is applying for and committing to serve the medical and healthcare community. It consists of both medical and healthcare organizations and individuals worldwide (a detailed definition is given for the target group definition in question 18(a)). For all profession categories listed hereafter, both organizations providing such services and individuals filling such positions may be treated equally as domain registrants. Following is a list of the six profession categories that DocCheck AG primarily considers to form the community: Medical, Scientific-Technical, Nursing⁄Assisting, Pharmacy, Collegiate, and Business⁄Publishing. For a detailed description of the professions included in all named subgroups please refer to question 18(a). Finally, also other individuals with a verifiable root in the before-mentioned professions may be targeted, such as employees of laboratories. Concluding, it should be noted that the list of profession categories given above is not regarded as a criterion for exclusion. Consequently, any group of medical professionals dedicated to the medical and healthcare system and hence being verified through an accredited concession is considered an eligible registrant as long as all regulations of the registration agreement are met. This covers individuals, organizations of people, public and private institutions, and resources delivering health care services to meet the health needs of the population.

b- Delineation
There are several delimitable factors that delineate community members from internet users in general. At first, the membership and therefore the belonging to the medical and healthcare community is directly dependent on one’s belonging to the medical and healthcare professions (as an organization or individual). Access to such professions is most likely limited and controlled by governmental organizations or similar institutions like cooperatives. One does only get access granted if one can prove to the described organizations when fulfilling several criteria. An individual should have successfully completed a scientific or professional education program; an organization should be able to meet predefined criteria in its corporate practice. This usually involves the receipt of some kind of certificate, or award by the individual or the organization. After successful completion of an educational track or the receipt of a license or concession, in almost all cases an automatic acceptance and integration into the community is granted. Therefore, it can be said that the membership of the community is restricted and not open to the public or all internet users. As said before, the community membership not only binds a member to a certain profession but also predefines the industry one is engaged in. For the medical and healthcare community, the relevant industries are obviously medical services, pharmaceutics, biological⁄chemical⁄physical technologies, and related services (please refer to the definition of professions in question 18(a) for details). At last, also language differences can be determined when looking into the medical and healthcare community. Especially those professions have developed a complex system of technical terms and phrases that an ordinary person can hardly understand (i.e. their own dictionaries such as the Pschyrembel Clinical Dictionary for German-speaking countries or the Stedmanʹs Medical Dictionary for English-speaking countries).

c- Structure
Although the global medical and healthcare community clearly fulfills all criteria that define a community, a single and overarching constituent part does not yet exist. Every comparable community part such as international umbrella organizations faces some restrictions that disqualify said organization to act as the constituent part of the community. That is, for example, because only a single occupation or a special area of the medical and healthcare community are represented. Even worse, most organizations are intentionally limited to national coverage. In almost every country, a multitude of organizations and associations exists, each being divided by professions and in most cases even by specialty of the profession, all forming an independent entity. Additionally, the medical community is subdivided by subject-specific, administrative and⁄or policy-motivated groups. These organizations are normally characterized by long decision-making cycles and widely ramified hierarchy in its structures as well as operations. Even though there are cooperation tendencies between such organizations and associations visible, defining them as constituent parts would exaggerate the cause. Nevertheless, a community like this should sooner or later establish an adhesive force that guarantees an overall communication and organization network. The DocCheck service with its more than 800,000 members today could be considered to be a first step in this direction. Hence, DocCheck AG is aiming at representing the interests of all organizations and individuals belonging to medical and healthcare professions no matter of their exact occupation or origin in order to encourage cross-professional collaboration.

d- Establishment and history
The establishment of the community was a process in flux throughout history and dates back several millenniums. The roots of the medical and healthcare community go as far back in the past as to the Egyptian high culture and the civilization of ancient Greece, when the guilds of healers were evolving. Therefore, it can be considered being one of the oldest communities worldwide. Since even a brief historical summary of the activities in the medical and healthcare community over time would exceed the scope of this application, only some of the most important milestones will be provided.
- The Hippocratic Oath requires a new physician to swear upon a number of healing gods that he will uphold a number of professional ethical standards.
- In the Middle Ages mostly monks practiced medical knowledge, and by doing this in monasteries, the first hospitals were established. The first pharmacy opened in London in 1345.
- At the beginning of modernity, as science and technology developed, medicine became more reliant upon medications; also pharmacology was becoming increasingly sophisticated.
- Most of the organizations and associations have been established after the World War II, respectively the World Health Organization in 1948 and the World Medical Association in 1947
- Contemporary medicine conducted within healthcare systems. Legal, credentialing, and financing frameworks are established by individual governments, augmented on occasion by international organizations. The characteristics of any given health care system have significant impact on the way medical care is provided.
- Current trends in this field include telemedicine and a new form of interdisciplinary collaboration of patients and treating doctors on the basis of innovate communication technology (like DocCheck network)
e- Size
With regards to the size of the community to geographic extent and membership, the official statistics of the WHO have been taken into account. On the basis of several subsequently explained assumptions, the exact size has been identified. The geographic extent relies on the assumptions laid out in question 20(d). Therefore, the relevant set of countries represented in the community consists of all countries in the world apart from China and Japan. Accordingly, the WHO states that there are roundabout 57 million (http:⁄⁄www.who.int⁄whr⁄2006⁄annex⁄06_annex4_en.pdf) so-called “health workers” on the globe. As China and Japan are deducted, the figure accumulates to roundabout 47 million. It should be noticed that this is a conservative estimate, as the base applies aless comprehensive target group definition and excludes all national and international medical and healthcare organizations.