gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.madrid	Comunidad de Madrid	madrid.org	View

((- Eligibility: who is eligible to register a second-level name in the gTLD, and how will eligibility be determined.))

As described in the response to Questions 20(a), two types of conditions must be fulfilled for the right to register a .Madrid name. These are:

(A) community membership (bona fide presence in the Madrid area) and
(B) the additional requirements that
- the presence in Madrid area and use of domain are generally accepted as legitimate;
- the presence in Madrid area and use of domain are conducive to welfare of the Madrid area;
- the presence in Madrid area and use of domain are commensurate to role and importance of domain;
- presence in Madrid area and use of domain are based on good faith at registration and thereafter.

These conditions must always be fulfilled. The strength of the validation is kept in line with the importance of the underlying domain name base on the assumption that a typical user would reasonably make.

To facilitate validation, registrants are required to state their intended use of the registered domain name. A false statement of intended use is an indication of bad faith and can be the basis for the suspension of the domain name.

Registrants are further required to have an administrative contact in the Madrid area. This is verified in part automatically (through the postal code in the administrative contact record and by a human eyes review pre-validation or post-validation). The administrative contact may be any person or entity having received and accepted the mandate to act as such for the respective domain. (The registrar may act as administrative contact.) Any communications addressed to the administrative contact are deemed to have been brought to the attention of the domain holder. Validation checks include machine and human verification of address accuracy.

The validation may be assisted through pre-identification of potential registrants using existing community channels, in particular through promotion codes.

After the launch phase, the validation mode goes from pre-validation to post-validation and later to statistically targeted random validation, backed up by a ongoing enforcement program.

The validation and enforcement program are supported by an integrated issue tracking system. This system allows validating agents and personnel to cooperate and interact with the registrant. The system keeps track of decisions made by the agents and stores supplemental documentary evidence that may be supplied by the registrants.


((- Name selection: what types of second-level names may be registered in the gTLD.))

The fundamental rule on which name selection is based is part of the policy principles: the registrant’s presence in Madrid area and use of domain must be commensurate to role and importance of domain registered.

The role and importance of the domain name is based on meaning an average user in would reasonably make in the context of that domain name.

This criterion also applies to the strength of the documentation or proof required of the registrant.

Pre-definition of the name space, especially names with significance for Madrid area from a public service or public interest standpoint, is developed through special programs with strong selection processes, based on proposals made by parties interested in providing content on such domain names. This process not only cover the identity and legitimacy of the party entrusted with the operation of the domain(s), but also a defined obligations with respect to the content to provide for the benefit of the public.

((- Content⁄Use: what restrictions, if any, the registry operator will impose on how a registrant may use its registered name.))

As described in the response to Question 20(a), not only the registrant’s Madrid presence but also the use of the domain must be:

- generally accepted as legitimate
- conducive to welfare of the Madrid area
- commensurate to role and importance of domain
- based on good faith at registration and thereafter

This is verified on the basis of:

1) the intended use statement supplied by the domain registrant at the time of registration (or possibly updated later)
2) the ongoing enforcement program.


((- Enforcement: what investigation practices and mechanisms exist to enforce the policies above, what resources are allocated for enforcement, and what appeal mechanisms are available to registrants.))

The purpose of the enforcement program is to protect the credibility of the .MADRID TLD for its local in international public. In particular, upholds the community-based purpose of the .MADRID TLD and helps prevent misuse or malicious behaviour.

The enforcement program is based on statistically targeted random investigations and on a complaint follow-up process. The statistical targeting is strongly automated and involves the use of search engines and the analysis of registry data related to behaviour of registrants.

Depending on the type of misuse to be investigated, web site content or content sent to victims of abuse will reviewed and analyzed by investigators.

Enhanced investigation takes place if the registrant has a bad track record in terms of compliance with the rules of the .MADRID TLD. Other violations of public record (such as UDRP or URS cases) will also be taken into account.

If the intended use cannot be deemed legitimate or has a negative impact on the welfare of the Madrid area, the registration is rejected. If content or use of an existing .MADRID domain demonstrate that the registrant has shown bad faith by stating a false intended use, the domain name is suspended.

If a registrar is complicit with systematic violations of the .MADRID policies or causes an unacceptable burden for the validation and enforcement program by negligence, the registry can restrict that registrar’s access to the new registrations, subject its inventory of .MADRID domains to enhanced investigation and require it conduct its own post-validation program.

An appeals process is available for all administrative measures taken in the framework of the enforcement program. The first instance of the appeals process is managed by the registry service provider. The Region of Madrid provides the second and last instance of an appeals process by itself or entrusts it to an alternative dispute resolution provider. The charter of the appeals process is promulgated by the Region of Madrid.

gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.radio	European Broadcasting Union (EBU)	ebu.ch	View

Q20(e):

((Eligibility: who is eligible to register a second-level name in the gTLD, and how will eligibility be determined))

As described in the response to Question 20(a), two types of conditions must be fulfilled for the right to register a .radio name. These are:

(A) community membership defined as bona fide membership in the any of the eligible categories, as defined in 20 (b) above, and
(B) the additional requirements that the registrant’s actions in the Radio community, as well as the registrant’s use of the registered domain name, must be:
(i) generally accepted as legitimate; and
(ii) beneficial to the cause and the values of the radio industry; and
(iii) commensurate with the role and importance of the registered domain name; and
(iv) in good faith at the time of registration and thereafter.

These conditions must always be fulfilled. The strength of the validation is kept in line with the importance of the underlying domain name base bearing in mind the assumption that a typical user would reasonably make.


As examples, for the Category 2, the license to broadcast is a condition of eligibility, as holding a valid trademark is a condition for category 3, or a radio amateur license is for category 5, as a pre-requisite for all other conditions explained here.

To facilitate validation, registrants are required to state their intended use of the registered domain name. A false statement of intended use is an indication of bad faith and can be the basis for the suspension of the domain name.


The validation may be assisted through pre-identification of potential registrants using existing community channels, such as Union⁄Association membership, either by direct checking in the membership’s database or by the distribution of Promotion Codes to members.

After the pre-launch and launch phase, the validation mode goes from pre-validation to post-validation and later to statistically targeted random validation, backed up by a on-going enforcement program.

The validation and enforcement program are supported by an integrated issue tracking system. This system allows validating agents and personnel to cooperate and interact with the registrant. The system keeps track of decisions made by the agents and stores supplemental documentary evidence that may be supplied by the registrants.

((Name selection: what types of second-level names may be registered in the gTLD))

The fundamental rule on which name selection is based is part of the policy principles: the registrant’s nexus with the Radio community and use of domain must be commensurate to role and importance of domain registered.

The role and importance of the domain name is based on meaning an average user would reasonably assume in the context of that domain name.

This criterion also applies to the strength of the documentation or proof required of the registrant.

The pre-Launch phase (Frequent Names Global Contention Resolution) is a special global community contention resolution program for Categories 1 and 2 only, mainly for frequently used radio station names aiming to achieve a coherent, consistent and friendly policy for the .radio TLD used by the worldwide radio broadcasters, and especially, to minimize conflicts.
During the Launch phase the different categories will be able to apply for their corporate or brand names, such as the name commonly used for the radio station, or the “license” name for radio amateurs.

Below those privileged categories, as explained in Q18 above, and afterwards, in the on-going registrations or Live Registry phase, eligible members will also be allowed to register other names, but always with the express restriction stated above, allowing for instance names of programs, campaigns or any other initiative effectively related to their radio activities, and commensurate to the role and importance of such domain name.

Pre-definition of the namespace, especially names with significance for the Radio community from a public service or public interest standpoint, is developed through special programs with strong selection processes, based on proposals made by parties interested in providing content on such domain names. This process not only covers the identity and legitimacy of the party entrusted with the operation of the domain(s), but also a defined obligation with respect to the content to be provided for the benefit of the Radio community and the public.


((Content⁄Use: what restrictions, if any, the registry operator will impose on how a registrant may use its registered name))

As described in the response to Question 20(a) the use of the domain must be:

(i) generally accepted as legitimate; and
(ii) beneficial to the cause and the values of the radio industry; and
(iii) commensurate with the role and importance of the registered domain name; and
(iv) in good faith at the time of registration and thereafter.

(i), (ii) and (iv) specifically refer to the Accepted Use of .radio domain names by .radio Registry.

This is verified on the basis of:
1) the intended use statement supplied by the domain registrant at the time of registration (or possibly updated later)
2) the on-going enforcement program (see below)

((Enforcement: what investigation practices and mechanisms exist to enforce the policies above, what resources are allocated for enforcement, and what appeal mechanisms are available to registrants))

The purpose of the enforcement program is to protect the credibility of the .radio TLD for the Radio industry, the radio listeners and the Internet users in general.

In particular, it upholds the community-based purpose of the .radio TLD and helps prevent misuse or malicious behaviour.

The enforcement program is based on statistically targeted random investigations and on a complaint follow-up process. The statistical targeting is strongly automated and involves the use of search engines and the analysis of registry data related to behaviour of registrants.

Depending on the type of misuse to be investigated, website content or content sent to victims of abuse will be reviewed and analysed by the Compliance Officers.

Enhanced investigation takes place if the registrant has a bad track record in terms of compliance with the rules of the .radio TLD. Other violations of public record (such as UDRP or URS cases) will also be taken into account.

If the intended use cannot be deemed legitimate or has a negative impact on the values of the Radio community, the registration is rejected. If content or use of an existing .radio domain demonstrate that the registrant has shown bad faith by stating a false intended use, the domain name is suspended.

If a registrar is complicit with systematic violations of the .radio policies or causes an unacceptable burden for the validation and enforcement program by negligence, the registry can restrict that registrar’s access to the new registrations, subject its inventory of .radio domains to enhanced investigation and require it to conduct its own post-validation program.

An appeals process is available for all administrative measures taken in the framework of the enforcement program. The first instance of the appeals process is managed by the .radio Registry, while appeals are heard by an independent alternative dispute resolution provider. The Charter for .radio, upon which all these decisions will be based, will be approved by EBU and WRAB (World Radio Advisory Board).


All that said, EBU is convinced that the level of existing misuses and conflicts will range from marginal to non-existent, given the strict eligibility and registration rules, the organized and public-interest oriented nature of the Radio community and the oversight of the Broadcasting Unions and other relevant organisations. But designing a comprehensive and vigorous enforcement program helps in further minimizing those risks. Please see answers to questions 28 and 29 for additional details.